/*************************************************************************
 *  Compilation:  javac ResizingArrayStack.java
 *  Execution:    java ResizingArrayStack < input.txt
 *  Data files:   http://algs4.cs.princeton.edu/13stacks/tobe.txt
 *  
 *  Stack implementation with a resizing array.
 *
 *  % more tobe.txt 
 *  to be or not to - be - - that - - - is
 *
 *  % java ResizingArrayStack < tobe.txt
 *  to be not that or be (2 left on stack)
 *
 *************************************************************************/

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class ResizingArrayStack<Item> implements Iterable<Item> {
    private Item[] a;         // array of items
    private int N;            // number of elements on stack

    // create an empty stack
    public ResizingArrayStack() {
        a = (Item[]) new Object[2];
    }

    public boolean isEmpty() { return N == 0; }
    public int size()        { return N;      }



    // resize the underlying array holding the elements
    private void resize(int capacity) {
        assert capacity >= N;
        Item[] temp = (Item[]) new Object[capacity];
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            temp[i] = a[i];
        }
        a = temp;
    }

    // push a new item onto the stack
    public void push(Item item) {
        if (N == a.length) resize(2*a.length);    // double size of array if necessary
        a[N++] = item;                            // add item
    }

    // delete and return the item most recently added
    public Item pop() {
        if (isEmpty()) { throw new RuntimeException("Stack underflow error"); }
        Item item = a[N-1];
        a[N-1] = null;                              // to avoid loitering
        N--;
        // shrink size of array if necessary
        if (N > 0 && N == a.length/4) resize(a.length/2);
        return item;
    }


    public Iterator<Item> iterator()  { return new ReverseArrayIterator();  }

    // an iterator, doesn't implement remove() since it's optional
    private class ReverseArrayIterator implements Iterator<Item> {
        private int i;

        public ReverseArrayIterator() {
            i = N;
        }

        public boolean hasNext() {
            return i > 0;
        }

        public void remove() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }

        public Item next() {
            if (!hasNext()) throw new NoSuchElementException();
            return a[--i];
        }
    }



   /***********************************************************************
    * Test routine.
    **********************************************************************/
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ResizingArrayStack<String> s = new ResizingArrayStack<String>();
        while (!StdIn.isEmpty()) {
            String item = StdIn.readString();
            if (!item.equals("-")) s.push(item);
            else if (!s.isEmpty()) StdOut.print(s.pop() + " ");
        }
        StdOut.println("(" + s.size() + " left on stack)");
    }
}
